JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7064
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JBBD
Start Year: 2016
Email: jbbd@integrityresjournals.org
Bioassay-driven fractionation and in vivo evaluation of hepatoprotective potentials of Gymnema sylvestre methanolic leaf extract in Wistar albino rat
https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2026.251 | Article Number: 629C4F6A3 | Vol.11 (2) - April 2026
Received Date: 05 February 2026 | Accepted Date: 10 March 2026 | Published Date: 30 April 2026
Authors: Kabiru Usman* , Umar Adamu , A.B. Hamza , Muttaka Auwalu , Mansur Usman , A.A. Naibi , N. I. Danmaliki , Nafiu Bello , Abubakar Yusuf , Aliyu Garba and Sambo A. Sambo
Keywords: Carbon Tetrachloride, Bioactivity-guided fractionation, Gymnema Sylvestre, hepatoprotective potential, histopathological study.
This study was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Gymnema sylvestre methanolic leaf extract through bioactivity-guided fractionation with Wistar albino rats induced with Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Study of qualitative phytochemical analysis performed on the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, and triterpenoids, while quantitative analysis indicated flavonoids (28.57±0.30 mg/g) as the most abundant constituent, followed by saponins and alkaloids. The extract also contained high levels of antioxidant Vitamins A, C, and E and phenolic compounds, suggesting strong antioxidant potential. CCl4 administration significantly elevated serum Alanine Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Transferase (AST), Total Bilirubin (TB), and Direct Bilirubin (DB) while reducing Total Protein (TP) and Albumin (ALB), confirming severe hepatic injury (p<0.05). Treatment with Silymarin and graded doses of thyl acetate fraction (100–400 mg/kg) significantly restored these biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner, with the 400 mg/kg dose showing the highest therapeutic reversal comparable to Silymarin. Antioxidant enzyme assays revealed marked reductions in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH levels and elevated MDA in the CCl4 group, indicating oxidative stress. Administration of the extract fraction, particularly at 400 mg/kg, significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation. Histopathological observations further supported these biochemical findings, showing severe necrosis, inflammation, and fatty degeneration in the CCl4 group, while treated groups demonstrated progressive restoration of normal hepatic architecture, with the 400 mg/kg group exhibiting near-normal liver histology.
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