JOURNAL OF NEW DISCOVERY IN MICROBIOLOGY
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 3122-0207
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JNDM
Start Year: 2020
Email: jndim@integrityresjournals.org
Physicochemical characteristics and faecal indicator organisms in composted animal wastes and waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.)) cultivated in Calabar, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/JNDM2026.026 | Article Number: 449AD0A82 | Vol.3 (2) - September 2026
Received Date: 02 August 2026 | Accepted Date: 29 August 2026 | Published Date: 30 September 2026
Author: Agbiji, Nneka Ndifon
Keywords: physicochemical properties, Animal waste treatment, composting, incineration, Talinum triangulare (waterleaf).
| Abebe, G., & Debebe, S. (2019). Factors affecting use of organic fertiliser among smallholder farmers in Sekela district of Amhara region, Northwestern Ethiopia. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5, 1669398. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1669398 |
||||
| Alegbeleye, O. O., Singleton, I., & Sant'Ana, A. S. (2018). Sources and contamination routes of microbial pathogens to fresh produce during field cultivation: A review. Food Microbiology, 73, 177-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2018.01.003 |
||||
| Amadi, S. O., Agbor, M. E., & Udo, S. O. (2021). Vulnerability of Calabar rainfall to climatic variability events: a critical factor in integrated water resources management in the tropical coastal location in southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 16(1), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160112 |
||||
| Atienza-Martínez, M., Ábrego, J., Gea, G., & Marías, F. (2020). Pyrolysis of dairy cattle manure: evolution of char characteristics. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 145, 104724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104724 |
||||
| Bej, A. K., Dicesare, J. L., Haff, L., & Atlas, R. M. (1991). Detection of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. in water by using the polymerase chain reaction and gene probes for uid. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57(4), 1013-1017. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.4.1013-1017.1991 |
||||
| Bui, H. T. M., & Nguyen, H. T. T. (2021). Factors influencing farmers' decision to convert to organic tea cultivation in the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam. Organic Agriculture, 11, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00322-2 |
||||
| Chukwu, V. A., Smith, J. U., Strachan, N. J., Avery, L. M., & Obiekezie, S. O. (2022). Impacts of different treatment methods for cattle manure on the spread of faecal indicator organisms from soil to lettuce in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132, 618-632. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15189 |
||||
| El Asri, O., Afilal, M. E., Laiche, H., & Elfarh, L. (2020). Evaluation of physicochemical, microbiological, and energetic characteristics of four agricultural wastes for use in the production of green energy in Moroccan farms. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 7, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-020-00187-3 |
||||
| FAO (2021). The future of food and agriculture: Drivers, challenges and opportunities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. | ||||
| Frahm, E., & Obst, U. (2003). Application of the fluorogenic probe technique (TaqMan PCR) to the detection of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli in water samples. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 52(1), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00150-1 |
||||
| Goldan, E., Nedeff, V., Barsan, N., Culea, M., Panainte-Lehadus, M., Mosnegutu, E., Tomozei, C., Chitimus, D., & Irimia, O. (2023). Assessment of manure compost used as soil amendment-A review. Processes, 11(4), 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11041167 |
||||
| Jahan, S., Ujjaman, S., Rahman, M. S., Sarker, B. C., Hossain, M. Z., & Kamal, M. M. (2022). Physicochemical properties and nutrient contents of compost as influenced by organic wastes and methods of composting. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 70(1), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0228.2022.00006.8 |
||||
| Karimi, H., Ebrahimi, A. A., Jalili, M., Rezvani, M., & Mokhtari, M. (2016). Reduction of pathogens from mixture of cow manure, domestic waste and wastewater treatment plant sludge by vermicomposting process. Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, 1(1), 37-42. | ||||
| Liu, H., Chen, J., Fu, L., Chen, H., Yang, Y., Wang, W., Wang, Z., Wan, Z., & Yin, M. (2025). Effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of four leafy vegetables. Scientific Reports, 15, 25994. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09671-y |
||||
| Manga, M., Camargo-Valero, M. A., Anthonj, C., & Evans, B. E. (2021). Fate of faecal pathogen indicators during faecal sludge composting with different bulking agents in tropical climate. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 232, 113670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113670 |
||||
| Manyi-Loh, C. E., Mamphweli, S. N., Meyer, E. L., Makaka, G., Simon, M., & Okoh, A. I. (2016). An overview of the control of bacterial pathogens in cattle manure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(9), 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13090843 |
||||
| Mehta, C. M., & Sirari, K. (2018). Comparative study of aerobic and anaerobic composting for better understanding of organic waste management: A mini review. Plant Archives, 18, 44-48. | ||||
| Mengistu, T., Gebrekidan, H., Kibret, K., Woldetsadik, K., Shimelis, B., & Yadav, H. (2017). Comparative effectiveness of different composting methods on the stabilisation, maturation and sanitisation of municipal organic solid wastes and dried faecal sludge mixtures. Environmental Systems Research, 6, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-017-0079-4 |
||||
| Motlagh, A. M., & Yang, Z. (2019). Detection and occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens. Water Environment Research, 91(10), 1402-1408. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1238. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1238 |
||||
| Noor, R. S., Shah, A. N., Tahir, M. B., Umair, M., Nawaz, M., Ali, A., Ercisli, S., Abdelsalam, N. R., Ali, H. M., Yang, S. H., Ullah, S., & Assiri, M. A. (2024). Recent trends and advances in additive-mediated composting technology for agricultural waste resources: A comprehensive review. ACS omega, 9(8), 8632. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c06516 |
||||
| Ortez, M. (2022). Food production and population growth: A cautionary tale. Purdue Agricultural Economics Report, PAER-2022-17. https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/home/paer-article/food-production-and-population-growth-a-cautionary-tale. | ||||
| Rahn, K., De Grandis, S. A., Clarke, R. C., McEwen, S. A., Galan, J. E., Ginocchio, C., Curtiss, R., & Gyles, C. L. (1992). Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a specific method of detection of Salmonella. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 6(4), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-8508(92)90002-F |
||||
| Roy, D., Gunri, S. K., Kundu, C. K., & Bandyopadhyay, P. K. (2024). Rapid composting of groundnut residues through novel microbial consortium: Evaluating maturity, stability, and microbial activity. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 7, 100277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100277 |
||||
| Shan, G., Li, W., Gao, Y., Tan, W., & Xi, B. (2021). Additives for reducing nitrogen loss during composting: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 307, 127308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127308 |
||||
| Ullah, H., Sarfraz, M., Muteen, A., Umar, A., Khan, M. U., Nawaz, H., Bashir, M., Sohail, A., Luqman, M., Rasheed, A., Ulfat, Z., Ullah, A., & Khan, M. S. (2023). Natural and processed organic fertilizer. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 49(4), 40852 - 40857. https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2023.49.007828 |
||||
| Waqas, M., Hashim, S., Humphries, U. W., Ahmad, S., Noor, R., Shoaib, M., Naseem, A., Hlaing, P. T., & Lin, H. A. (2023). Composting processes for agricultural waste management: a comprehensive review. Processes, 11(3), 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030731 |
||||
| Zobeashia, S. S. L. T., Abioye, O. P., Ijah, U. J. J., & Oyewole, O. A. (2022). Physicochemical parameters and microbial community in anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. Advanced in Environmental Waste Management & Recycling, 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.33140/AEWMR.05.01.01 |
||||
Copyright © 2026 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.