Journal of Public Health and Diseases

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease with significant public health implications, particularly in regions where the consumption and slaughter of dogs are culturally practised. Dog butchers and dog meat consumers in Southern Taraba State, Nigeria, are at high risk of exposure to rabies due to frequent contact with potentially infected animals. This study assessed the prevalence of rabies in apparently healthy dogs slaughtered for meat and examined the risk perceptions of rabies among dog butchers and consumers in Southern Taraba State, Nigeria.  A cross-sectional study was conducted across five Local Government Areas using a combination of direct fluorescent antibody tests (DFAT) on dog brain tissue samples and a structured questionnaire survey. Sixty-two brain tissue samples were analysed for rabies antigen, while 110 individuals (55 dog butchers and 55 dog meat consumers) were surveyed to evaluate their risk perception of rabies. Data analysis included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and independent-samples t-tests. The prevalence of rabies among slaughtered dogs was 4.8% (3/62), with positive cases identified in Takum and Wukari LGAs. The questionnaire results indicated that while 68.1% of respondents recognised rabies as a serious disease, 63.6% believed that handling or consuming dog meat posed little risk. The Rabies Perception Index (RPI) revealed that dog meat consumers exhibited significantly higher risk perception than butchers (p < 0.001). Despite the low prevalence of rabies in slaughtered dogs, the presence of the virus poses a public health concern. Additionally, misconceptions regarding rabies transmission persist among dog butchers, potentially increasing their vulnerability. Targeted educational campaigns and rabies control measures, including vaccination and public awareness programs, are crucial for mitigating the risk of rabies transmission in this high-risk population.