Applied Journal of Physical Science

This study presents a Hankel-transform-based analytical framework for optimising electromagnetohy-drodynamic (EMHD) fluid flow over a cylindrical surface, motivated by advanced material-processing applications such as coating, extrusion, thermal treatment, and surface modification. The interaction between electromagnetic forces and conductive fluid motion in cylindrical geometries introduces strong radial coupling effects that significantly influence momentum and thermal transport characteristics. To accurately capture these effects, the governing axisymmetric momentum and energy equations are formulated in cylindrical coordinates and solved using the zero-order Hankel transform technique. The transform approach reduces the coupled partial differential equations into algebraic forms in the spectral domain, enabling closed-form analytical solutions for velocity and temperature distributions in terms of Bessel functions. The influence of key nondimensional parameters—including the electromagnetic interaction parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and thermal radiation parameter is systematically analysed. Results show that electromagnetic forcing enhances flow control capability by modifying boundary layer thickness, while thermal radiation significantly alters radial heat penetration depth. An optimization analysis is conducted to determine parameter regimes that maximize thermal uniformity and minimize hydrodynamic resistance on the cylindrical surface. The Hankel-based spectral formulation provides improved mathematical stability and computational efficiency compared to purely numerical approaches. The findings offer practical design guidelines for EMHD-assisted cylindrical processing systems, contributing to enhanced precision, energy efficiency, and material quality in advanced manufacturing technologies.