JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals

ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org


Nutrient utilisation and growth response of Balami rams fed hydroponic sorghum fodder varieties with supplement

https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2025.580   |   Article Number: 7BF26C689   |   Vol.10 (4) - August 2025

Received Date: 26 June 2025   |   Accepted Date: 20 August 2025  |   Published Date: 30 August 2025

Authors:  Chana, Z. M.* , Adamu, J. , Kolo, U. M. , Girgiri, A. Y. and Allamin, H.

Keywords: Nutrient intake, digestibility, Balami rams, hydroponic sorghum fodder, nitrogen balance

A study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in twenty (20) growing Balami rams fed four varieties of hydroponic sorghum fodder (HSF) with a supplemented concentrate diet. The HSF varieties were Red Chakalari (V1), White Chakalari (V2), Kaura (V3) and Jigari (V4). Results revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in all the nutrient intake parameters, with rams fed V4 (Jigari) showing the highest values except for organic matter intake.  Weight gain and feed conversion ratio also differed significantly (p<0.05) among treatments, with rams on the Jigari variety achieving the highest weight gain of 142.28g/animal/day and the most efficient feed conversion. Although nutrient digestibility did not differ significantly (p>0.05), crude protein digestibility ranged from 79.37% (V4) to 82.04% (V1). Nitrogen balance showed significant (p<0.05) variations in nitrogen intake, faecal and urinary nitrogen output, and retained nitrogen across the treatments, with all groups having positive retained nitrogen as a percentage of intake. It was concluded that the Jigari variety of hydroponic sorghum fodder yielded the best performance in terms of growth, nutrient intake, and nitrogen utilisation in Balami rams.

Abubakar, M., Ngele, M. B., & Umar, A. M. (2006). Effect of supplementing urea treated or untreated rice straw with sundried or ensiled poultry litter on the performance of growing Yankasa rams. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 54(3), 210-216.
https://doi.org/10.4314/bahpa.v54i3.32770
 
Abubakar, M., Ngele, M. B., Kalla, D. J. U., & Inusa, S. K. (2012). Growth performance of Yankasa sheep grazing natural vegetation in late dry season in the Sudan Savanna supplemented with various nitrogen sources. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 9(3),199-203.
 
Al-Karaki, G. N., & Al-Momami, N. (2011). Evaluation of some barley cultivars for green fodder production and water use efficiency under hydroponic conditions. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(3), 448-456.
 
AOAC (2010). Official Methods of analysis. 17th edition. Association of official Analytical Chemists, Washington. DC.
 
Biu, A. A., Abdulkarim, M. A., & Isade, O. (2012). Effects of temperature and relative humidity on egg laying pattern of Rhicephelus sangimusis. (Koch, 1884) infesting sheep in semi-arid region of Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science, 10(2), 18-20
https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v10i2.4
 
Chana, Z. M., Abbator, F. I. Usman, U. M., & Kibon, A. (2017). Effects of supplementing groundnut hay with varying proportions of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed meal and maize bran on the performance of Balami sheep. Research Journali's Journal of Agriculture, 4(4),1-10.
 
Chrisdiana, R. (2018, February). Quality and quantity of sorghum hydroponic fodder from different varieties and harvest time. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 119, No. 1, p. 012014). IOP Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/119/1/012014
 
Devendra, C. (2005, March). Small ruminants in Asia; Contribution to food security, poverty alleviation and opportunities for productivity enhancement. In Proceeding of the International Workshop on Small Ruminant Production and Development in South East Asia. MEKARN, Nong Lam, HCMC, Vietnam. Pp. 19-32.
 
Encarta (2007). National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA.
 
Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (1992). Nigeria livestock sub-sector review report, Rome, p. 248.
 
Gefu, J. O. (2002). Socio-economic considerations in small ruminant production. In: Lakpini, C. A. M., Adamu, A. M., Edoche, O. W., & Gefu, J. O. (eds.). Manual for Small Ruminant Production in Nigeria (pp. 8-11). National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
 
Hooft, K., Milar D., Geerlings, E and Django, S. (2008). Endogenous livestock development in Cameroon. Wageningen: Agromisa Publishers.
 
Idan, F., Adogla-Bessa, T., Sarkwa, F. O., Frimpong, Y. O., & Antwi, C. (2023). Effects of supplementing rice straw with two fodder tree leaves and their combinations on voluntary feed intake, growth, and nitrogen utilization in sheep. Translational Animal Science, 7(1), txad004.
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad004
 
Ikwueze, C. S., Ugwuishiwu, C. H., & Asogwa, C. N. (2018). Development of a web based livestock ordering and delivery. Proceedings of the 3rd NIAE-SE Regional Conference, University of Nigeria Nsukka 27th-30th August 2018. Pp. 180-193.
 
Meissner, H. H., Köster, H. H., Nieuwoudt, S. H., & Coertze, R. J. (1991). Effect of energy supplementation on intake and digestion of early and mid-season ryegrass and Panicum/Smuts finger hay, and on in sacco disappearance of various forage species. South African journal of animal Science, 21(1), 33-42.
 
Mooney, J. (2005). Growing cattle feed hydroponically. Meat and livestock Australia, 30.
 
Naik, P. K. (2014). Hydroponics green fodder for dairy animals. In: Bakshi, M. P. S., & wadhwa, M. (eds.). Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (pp. 191-210). Satish Serial Publishing House, New Delhi.
 
Naik, P.K., B.K. Swain and N.P. Singh. (2015). Review-production and utilization of hydroponics fodder. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 32(1),1-9.
 
SAS (2000). General Linear Model of Statistical Analysis System. User's Guide. SAS Institute Incorporated, Cary, New York, USA.
 
Seid, A., Hassen, M., & Lemma, S. (2025). Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of Dorper× Menz crossbred sheep fed effective microorganisms treated teff (Eragrostis tef) straw supplemented with graded levels of concentrate. Scientific African, 28, e02732.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02732
 
Tawfeeq, J.A., S.A. Hassan, S.H. Kadori, R.M. Shaker, Z.R. Hamza (2018). Evaluation of feeding hydroponic barley and digestibility and rumen fermentation in Awassi lambs. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49(4):639-645. https://www.proquest.com/openview/59ca34c31acff98440fc645b57575118/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2045989
 
Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of dairy science, 74(10), 3583-3597.
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
 
Weather and Climate (2020). Retrieved from https://weatherandclimate.com/
 
Yerima, J., Abubakar, M., & Mancha, Y. P. (2022). Nutrient intake and growth performance of Yankasa rams fed sorghum stover based diets containing graded levels of urea and cotton seed cake. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 5(4), 88-97.